Transnational Crime and Border Management

Nepal’s border management framework faces several critical challenges that undermine effective control and security. The absence of an integrated legal framework leads to ambiguous mandates for operational agencies at border checkpoints and among federal, provincial, and local governments. Without a comprehensive border management policy, security and functional agencies often operate independently and sometimes in conflict. Extreme climate conditions on the northern border and socio-cultural issues on the southern border further complicate effective management and control efforts. Additionally, Nepal’s limited mutual legal assistance and extradition treaties with other countries restrict opportunities for global and regional cooperation on counterterrorism and transnational crime control. Addressing these issues is essential for developing a coordinated approach to managing borders and combating cross-border crime. Niti Foundation’s initiatives aim to overcome these challenges through strategic policy recommendations and collaborative efforts to enhance border security and address transnational threats.